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The Duma, great boatmen, live in the southern part of Gabon, in the Ogooue River region. They believe in a God who made the world, in an immortal soul and in retribution for evil; they worship spirits and ghosts, and are under the sway of sorcerers and secret societies, to which even the authority of their chiefs must yield. Remarkable are their masks with flat surface for face, domed forehead, an angular nose, and skillful interplay of flat, convex, and angular forms. For the last half-century these masks have been used for celebratory dances associated with major social rituals.